การเข้าถึงยารักษาโรค: ศึกษาเปรียบเทียบระหว่างมาตรการบังคับใช้สิทธิ (compulsory license) ภายใต้ความตกลงทริปส์ (TRIPS) และ พระราชบัญญัติสิทธิบัตร พ.ศ. 2522

Abstract

Since Thailand is a member of World Trade Organization, so there is an obligation to ensure the protection of intellectual property as it is regulated in TRIPs Agreement. However, the Patent Law provides the right only to the patent owner for the production, usage, and distribution. In addition, Thailand lacks of the capacity on economy and technological development; hence, it leads to the problems of monopoly on trading which is an obstacle to the access of medicines of Thai population.

In this research, it focuses on the demonstration of principles and purposes of compulsory license under section 51, 52 of the Patent Act B.E. 2522 in respect of processes and procedures of the compulsory license by comparing compulsory licensing under TRIPs Agreement. From the research, it is found that processes and procedures of the compulsory license during state of war or emergency under section 51, 52 of the Patent Act B.E. 2522 are conformed to Article 31b of TRIPs Agreement. Nevertheless, the Patent Act has problem as it lacks of clarity on situation which will be considered as "State of Emergency." Besides, such Act has no provision on the protection of Pharmaceutical Patents and compulsory license, specifically.